Xenogeneic Serum-Free Human Cell-Derived Tissue-Engineered Matrices for the Development of Clinical-Grade Biomimetic Cardiovascular Devices

This study presents the development of xenogeneic serum-free human cell-derived tissue-engineered matrices (hTEMs) for cardiovascular applications, addressing key translational limitations associated with fetal bovine serum use. The authors demonstrate that xenogeneic serum-free hTEMs exhibit comparable extracellular matrix composition, hemocompatibility, calcification resistance, and mechanical performance to conventional controls. The platform is successfully adapted for the fabrication of tissue-engineered heart valves capable of withstanding systemic pressures, supporting its potential for next-generation regenerative cardiovascular implants.