Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Biphasic Nanobioink for Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing

This study developed a coaxially 3D-bioprinted GelMA/alginate wound dressing designed to synchronize delivery of oxygen and cellular energy for chronic diabetic wound repair. The scaffold architecture spatially segregated oxygen-generating calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoclusters in an inner layer and ATP-encapsulated liposomes in an outer layer, enabling prolonged dual release over ~2 weeks and improved cell survival/proliferation under hypoxia (2% O2). In a type II diabetic mouse full-thickness excisional wound model, the biphasic coaxial scaffold accelerated wound closure, increased epithelial tongue length, enhanced granulation tissue formation, and promoted collagen deposition compared with monophasic or blended controls, achieving near-complete re-epithelialization by day 14. The work positions coaxial bioprinting as a strategy to match mismatched diffusion/release kinetics of multiple therapeutics (gas + small molecule) in regenerative wound dressings.