On-Foot Gait Lab: A Hybrid Wearable Sensor Platform for Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis Using Electrospun Piezocapacitive Insoles and IMUs

This study presents a hybrid wearable gait analysis platform that integrates electrospun PVAc–graphene nanofiber piezocapacitive sensors with inertial measurement units (IMUs) to enable real-time monitoring of spatiotemporal gait parameters. The flexible insoles capture plantar pressure and stride data to identify gait anomalies such as variable stride length, short stepping, and freezing-of-gait patterns common in Parkinson’s disease. Results show a mean stride-length accuracy of 93 ± 4 % across walking speeds, with quantitative measurement of plantar pressure and weight distribution. The system demonstrates potential for at-home rehabilitation, clinical gait diagnostics, and sports performance monitoring.