Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile-Based Scaffolds Reinforced with Argopecten purpuratus-Derived CaO for Enhanced Biomedical Functionality

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats were functionalized with waste-derived calcium oxide nanoparticles (~18.5 nm) at 5–20 wt% to create bioactive, mechanically stable scaffolds for regenerative medicine and wound healing. CaO incorporation reduced fiber diameter and contact angle (increased hydrophilicity), promoted swelling and higher weight loss in PBS, and enabled apatite deposition after SBF immersion with Ca/P ratios near native hydroxyapatite. Uniaxial tensile testing showed a modest stiffness/UTS increase at 5 wt% CaO but reduced modulus/UTS at higher loadings due to nanoparticle agglomeration and defect formation; PBS pre-immersion altered mechanical stability over 35 days. In vitro assays with human fetal osteoblasts and dermal fibroblasts indicated non-cytotoxicity and improved early wound-closure kinetics for CaO-containing scaffolds, and subdermal implantation in BALB/c mice demonstrated biocompatibility with fibrovascular tissue formation and comparatively advanced healing responses for PAN/CaO composites.