Chlorocatechol-Functionalized Gelatin Nanoparticles as a New Hemostatic Agent with Antimicrobial Properties

This study reports the development of chlorocatechol-functionalized gelatin nanoparticles (GDC) as a bioinspired hemostatic and antimicrobial material. GDC nanoparticles rapidly transition from a powder into an adhesive film upon contact with blood or water, forming a strong and elastic barrier capable of controlling bleeding and preventing infection. Chlorination of catechol enhanced adhesive and cohesive strength through halogen bonding, while maintaining excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The films demonstrated strong tissue adhesion (~90 kPa), burst pressure resistance (~105 mmHg), and full antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli. In vivo mouse tail and liver hemorrhage models confirmed significantly faster hemostasis and reduced blood loss compared to commercial fibrin glue (Tisseel).