Natural Extracellular Matrix Scaffold-Based Hydrogel Corneal Patch with Temperature and Light-Responsiveness for Penetrating Keratoplasty and Sutureless Stromal Defect Repair

This study reports the development of a multifunctional hydrogel corneal patch (MHCP) designed to address limitations in current corneal transplantation methods. The MHCP integrates a dual-crosslinked hybrid hydrogel exhibiting both temperature and light responsiveness with a natural extracellular matrix scaffold. Upon application, the patch self-adheres through thermally triggered adhesive release and photocuring, forming a stable, transparent bond with host tissue. Mechanical and optical testing confirmed the hydrogel’s native stroma-like elasticity, anti-swelling behavior, and resilience under load. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, promoting epithelial cell proliferation, stromal integration, and restoration of corneal transparency without sutures.