A Coordinated Cascade Therapy-Based Janus Fibrous Membrane Drives Bone Regeneration through Mediating the Transformation of Energy Metabolism Pathway

This study develops a multifunctional Janus fibrous membrane that orchestrates bone regeneration through spatiotemporal release of growth factors and metabolic regulation. The design integrates an oriented ZnO-loaded PCL/PLGA outer layer for antibacterial and osteoconductive function with a gelatin/PLLA inner layer encapsulating aFGF and BMP-2 for coordinated release. The membrane enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the primary cellular energy pathway, driving efficient osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. This approach demonstrates a synergistic cascade therapy concept linking controlled biochemical signaling to cellular energy metabolism.