Mycoelectronics: Bioprinted Living Fungal Bioelectronics for Artificial Sensation

This work introduces a new class of living bioelectronic materials, termed ‘Mycoelectronics’, integrating fungal mycelium networks with conductive hydrogels via extrusion-based bioprinting. These hybrid structures combine biological self-growth with electrical conductivity and mechanical compliance, enabling potential use as living sensors or artificial sensory tissues. The study characterizes the electrical and mechanical coupling between fungal cells and ionic matrices, demonstrating strain-responsive conductivity and recoverable deformation behavior. The bioprinted fungal–hydrogel composites maintained long-term viability, exhibited piezoresistive responses to mechanical input, and provided a foundation for developing adaptive biohybrid electronic systems.