Co-axial electrospinning of PLLA shell, collagen core nanofibers for skin tissue engineering

This study reports the fabrication of bilayer PLLA–collagen nanofiber membranes incorporating epidermal growth factor (EGF) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) for skin tissue regeneration. Co-axial electrospinning produced core–shell nanofibers mimicking epidermal and dermal architecture. Physicochemical analyses revealed high porosity, oxygen permeability, and mechanical strength suitable for wound dressing applications. Biocompatibility tests using keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (3T3) demonstrated enhanced proliferation and organized layer formation, particularly when cultured under mechanical stimulation. The composite scaffold showed controlled degradation, EGF-mediated cell proliferation, and structural integrity mimicking natural skin regeneration.